UNEMPLOYMENT

Research Report

UNEMPLOYMENT

By:

Name                :Marzatillah

INSTITUTE OF ISLAM ALMUSLIM
ACEH PROVINCE
YEAR 2014

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A.  Background

Unemployment or jobless is a term for people who do not work at all , looking for work , working less than two days for a week or someone who is trying to get a decent job . Unemployment can also be interpreted as a person who has reached a certain age who are out of work and looking for work in order to obtain a reward or benefit . Unemployment can be caused by many things such as the lack of jobs or the lack of opportunity to get a job .
Unemployment generally mostly found in developing country such as Indonesia . Unemployment that occurs protracted may cause a reduction in the welfare of the community because of the lack of income to meet daily needs such as food , clothing and others. The unemployment rate is too high can also cause political chaos that disrupts the growth of social security and economic development .

The unemployment problem has become so frightening specter , especially in developing countries such as Indonesia . Developing countries are often faced with the magnitude of the unemployment rate due to the narrowness of the large number of jobs and population . The narrowness of jobs due to capital scarcity factor berinvestasi.masalah unemployment itself is not only happening in the country - developing countries , but also experienced by developed countries . However, the problem of unemployment in the country - developed countries more easily resolved than in developing countries , because it is only related to the ebb and flow of the business cycle rather than because of the scarcity of investment , population explosion problems or social and political issues in the country .

B. Problem Formulation

From the above background , it can be some issues that will be discussed in Chapter pembahasas , is as follows

1. How is the development of unemployment from year to year

2. Are the causes of unemployment ?

3. Is due to unemployment ?

4. What are the types and kinds of the unemployed ?

5. How do I cope with unemployment ?

C. Purpose

From the above problems , the authors have a goal to be achieved , namely :

1. to determine the unemployment growth from year to year .

2. to determine the cause of unemployment .

3. to determine due to unemployment .

4. to determine the types and kinds of unemployment .

5. to learn how to cope with unemployment .

D. Benefits of Writing

There are several benefits of this paper is as follows :

1. Be aware of the unemployment growth from year to year .

2. Can know about the causes of unemployment .

3. Be aware of the consequences of unemployment

4. Be aware of the types and kinds of unemployment

5. Can know about how to cope with unemployment

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A.  Development of Unemployment

Early blast unemployment could actually known since about late 1997 early atau1998 . When the monetary crisis that hit Southeast Asia's great to encourage the creation of tight liquidity in response to monetary shocks . In Indonesia , over 16 bank liquidity policies end of November 1997 alone could create about 8,000 employees unemployed and the time interval is not relatively long , 7,196 workers from 10 companies have been laid off from their factories in West Java , Yogyakarta , and southern Sumatra based on the data at the end of December 1997 . Unemployment continued explosion in 1998, of which about 1.4 million new unemployment will occur . With the economy only growing at about 3.5 to 4% of the workforce could be absorbed approximately 1.3 million additional workforce of about 2.7 million people . The rest becomes extra unemployment . Total unemployment happens to have 10 million people .

Based on experience , if we refer to the data in 1996 , economic growth of 3.5 to 4 % is not enough , should economic growth in developing countries is ideal for a wide Indonesia is above 6 % .

Based on 1996 data over the economy can only absorb 85.7 million people of the total labor force of 90.1 million people . In 1996 the economy was able to absorb the amount of labor in a relatively large number for the national economy grew by 7.98 % . In 1997 and 1998 , the growth ekomi certainly not as severe as in 1996. In 1998, the economic crisis is getting worse as many parts of Indonesia are buffeted by droughts , inflation yamg occur in many areas , the financial crisis in the country and in countries such as fellow ASEAN trading partners , South Korea and Japan will be very influential . If we are still based on the assumption of the above circumstances , the explosion of unemployment is expected to continue in the years ahead .

Indeed, when we step on the year 2000 , the number of unemployed in 2000 have decreased compared to 1999. Along with economic growth in 2000 which increased to 4.8 percent . 1999 Unemployment also fell 6.01 initially to 5.87 million people . Moderate underemployment or disguised unemployment also declined from 31.7 million to 30.1 million people in 2000 . The number of unemployed has reached approximately 35.97 million people , but the government still focuses on the prevention of unemployment is 16.48 million people . The number of unemployed in this time that in 2001 reached 35.97 million people were estimated to be increased if the economic recovery is not going well soon . Because of this , the government should make every effort to seek foreign investors to invest here so that new jobs can be created to be able to absorb as many workforce .

B. The Causes of Unemployment

Labor force coming from middle- income families to send their difficulties or finance anaknya.persyaratan requested by companies for example are education and special skills . Education and special skills can not be owned because no school or other education . This is usually not acceptable in employment .

As for other causes of the emergence of unemployment , namely:

1 . relatively large population or employment while employment is relatively low . The population is quite high but it is not matched with jobs , the number of labor force not all be accommodated in the workplace .

2 . education and low skills . Education and low skills are not needed by the business entity due to low education and low skills will increase productivity and production .

3 . increasingly advanced technology that has not been offset by the ability of humans . And high technology capability so quickly is not matched by the ability of humans to master the many enterprises received only capable of mastering the technology . For those who are not able to master these technologies will be eliminated in a job competition .

4 . entrepreneurs who have always wanted to pursue profit by saving as application rationalization . Employers only apply rationalist thinking that labor force to work optimally to achieve the target . if labor does not work according to the target , then the labor is no longer required .
5 . job opportunities are influenced by season . The work is influenced by the seasons can menibulkan unemployment such as agriculture , plantations after the plant is completed then a lot of labor just waiting for the results . To wait for the results , most of them unemployed and will work again when the next harvest season has arrived .

6 . economic instability , political and security of the State . Political stability and economic security of the state can lead to pengangguran.perekonomian sluggish , uncertain political and security caused no employers will think to continue his efforts . With menentuk circumstances would cause a loss of business . To avoid krugian , then the number of products in the limit or close the business , not expand its business . This will lead to unemployment .
Unemployment is generally caused by the workforce or job seekers who are not proportional to the number of jobs that exist are able to absorb it . In addition to this, one of the factors that lead to high unemployment in our country is too much labor in the formal sector to the point that when they lost their jobs in the formal sector , they would be at a loss and can not seek to create their own jobs in the informal sector . It is precisely those who are less educated can make innovations create employment , either as a jockey jockey riding in a car or an umbrella if it rains .

Besides the issue of employment , unemployment can also be caused by urbanization . By considering the rapid growth of urbanization , this means an increase in the unemployment rate throughout the developing world . These facts do not contradict the general view that there is a rise in the unemployment rate is quite large , especially in the decade from 1950 to 1960 . Nevertheless , the increase ( if there ) the poor state of the employment market is more likely to cause an increase in underemployment rather than an increase in unemployment .

C. Due to the existence of Unemployment

Unemployment is often a problem in the economy due to unemployment , productivity and incomes will be reduced so as to cause of poverty and other social problems . The absence of income causes the unemployed should reduce their consumption spending which causes reduced levels of prosperity and well-being . Prolonged unemployment can also cause bad psychological effect on the unemployed and their families . The unemployment rate is too high can also cause political chaos , social security and so interfere with the growth and economic development . Long-term consequences are declining GNP and per capita income of a country .

As a result of the duration of unemployment , not least the unemployed who are looking for a way out to make a living that is not kosher . Many of those who become pickpockets , prostitutes , thieves , thugs , drug dealers , and so on . Even some of those who are paid to riot or anarchist politics for the sake of one particular group that is closely connected with the frontman ORBA . There is also a self-propagating Jihad fighters were sent to Ambon under the pretext of defending the religion . Yet there they just become hooked rioters who looted , raped , and killed those innocent Maluku .

If so thorny problem of unemployment is allowed to drag it is highly likely to encourage a social crisis . A social crisis marked by rising crime , high rates of juvenile delinquency , the growing number of street children or thugs , and tremendous possibilities for social violence has always haunt our society .

D. Differences Unemployment in Developing Countries city and in the city of Developed Countries

If the terms of the present state , can not be doubted that the unemployment rate in the State of the industry is much lower than the unemployment rate in developing country cities . It is first of all due to the fairly low levels of unemployment in developed countries in general . To the West, as a whole , in the last two decades, unemployment is estimated at less than 3 % during periods of economic growth and about 4.5 % in the years of recession , so the average during the postwar

period close to 3 % ( ie less than half the rate of unemployment in the country is growing ) .

The low levels of general unemployment and the large number of labor force in the city is an indication the low unemployment rate in the city , and this is supported by the statistics . Moreover, there seems to be a new trend that is wide enough that the unemployment rate in the city is lower than in rural areas . For example in the United States , for example, in 1960 the unemployment rate reached 3.9 % in all regions of the State , but only 3.5 % in the cities and 3.4 % in the largest cities . But the unemployment rate to reverse the order in times of recession .

E. Types and Types of Unemployment

Unemployment Various views of the working hours can be divided into :

1 . unemployment ( open unemployment )

Open unemployment is labor really does not have a job .

2 . underemployed ( under unemployment )

Are underemployed workers who do not work optimally in the absence or employment or jobs, or workers who work less than 35 hours a week .

3 . underemployment ( disguised unemployment )

Underemployment is labor that does not work optimally because they do not obtain jobs that match their talents and abilities .

Wide unemployment by Keynes

1 . involuntary unemployment (voluntary unemployment )

Involuntary unemployment is unemployment that occurs because there is a job offer, but people who are unemployed do not want to accept the job at the prevailing wage .

2 . involuntary unemployment ( involuntary unemployment )

Unintentional unemployment is unemployment that occurs when a person accepts a job and prevailing wage but no job .

F. Ways of Coping with Unemployment
As for the ways to cope with unemployment is as follows :
1 . encourage the advancement of education
2 . improve vocational training to meet the skills needs as the demands of modern industry .
3 . promote and encourage entrepreneurship .
4 . Promoting opportunity informal enterprises .
5 . increase trasmigasi effort .
6 . increase with the development of labor-intensive system .
7 . identifies family planning programs .
8 . opportunities abroad .

REFERENCES

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- Effendi , Chris Manning Tadjuddin Noer . , 1996. Urbanization , Unemployment , and Informal Sector in the City . Indonesian Torch Foundation . Jakarta .

- Hanun . , 2010. " Smart kid creation event " . Hanun.blogdetik.com/2010/07/30/keterangan
Susanto , Astrid S.1992 . Sociology of Development . Jakarta